Wednesday, December 25, 2019

Self Defense Laws State - 1542 Words

We’ve all seen Laura Croft of the Tomb Raider series adorned in her signature costume: tank top, cargo shorts, and a utility belt with two pistols. Besides the exhilaration of onscreen combat, what would prompt a woman to carry a firearm? Some may assume that an armed woman must be living in constant fear and therefore imagined the only solution to the problem to be gun ownership or in universal language an â€Å"equalizer†. However balancing the term equalizer is intended, it carries the negative connotation of an existing inequality; perhaps in gender, which a firearm would somehow resolve. Studies show that women, like men, carry their firearms in the event the need arises. In the doctrine of self-defense laws state â€Å"it’s a man’s prerogative to carry a legal firearm† and â€Å"man has the right to protect his castle†. Each an example of the need for updated policy in a society that continues to correlate gun culture with men. The purpose of this paper is to introduce my artifact and examine my findings to reveal who, what, where, when and how. I will provide a brief discussion of women and gun ownership with respect to gender stereotypes, and gun politics. Finally, I will discuss gun violence as it relates to gender and its association to women as victims. Who, What, Where, When, and How Gun ownership is overall a male phenomenon sometimes used as a means to validate manhood, particularly amongst young men (xxxxx). In the article that I selectedShow MoreRelatedThe Theory Of Self Defense962 Words   |  4 PagesSelf-defense is described in the dictionary as; â€Å"the act of defending one s person when physically attacked, as by countering blows or overcoming an assailant† (â€Å"self-defense,† n.d.). The concept of self-defense appears well-defined; however, the tactics allowed to protect oneself have evolved just as America has. As technology and weaponry advance, the need for clearer laws pertaining to the actions allowed by an individual need to be reevaluated and clearly communicated. Starting in early colonialRead MoreThe Defense Doctrine Of The United States Of America1062 Words   |  5 Pagesin the self-defense doctrine of the United States of America. Additionally, both of these principles are referred to numerous times through an array of Su preme Court rulings interpretations of both laws, as well as court decisions. Historical Cases While the principle of SYG laws has been around since common law, it is still relatively young in regards to American law. It was not until the late 1800’s that the United States Supreme court issued a ruling on the SYG principle. This section of theRead MoreStand Your Ground Law1224 Words   |  5 PagesStand Your Ground Law In recent years, the self-defense doctrine in several jurisdictions has been changing. Some jurisdictions have started using â€Å"stand your ground† laws, which change the traditional requirement that the person being attacked must â€Å"retreat to the wall† before using any kind of force. Proponents’ arguments include that the law merely codifies an individual’s deep-rooted right to defend oneself. Opponents’ arguments include that the law creates a â€Å"license to kill† and has negativeRead MoreSave Your Life Support Self Defense1104 Words   |  5 PagesSave your life support self defense You are in the parking garage at your apartment and you hear someone behind you. You spin around and a man with a mask and a knife says give me the purse. Luckily for you he does not know about your handgun. So, you pull it out and he runs away. In this short hypothetical story you could have been stabbed, robbed, carjacked or you could have been killed if you did not comply. However, you carry a gun and have stand your ground laws on your side. This story happensRead MoreDefense, Necessity Defense And Affirmative Defense933 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to the United States constitution every American Citizen is entitled to a trial and an attorney. With the right to a trial and an attorney those accused also have a right to bring up a defense in justifying or excusing their actions. In this essay I will be looking at defenses such as self-defense, necessity defense and affirmative defense. This essay will serve as a guide to what these defenses really mean and when it is acceptabl e to use them. A defense is when a defendant and his orRead MoreCriminal Defense Case Analysis1029 Words   |  5 PagesCriminal Defense Case Analysis Paper Brandy Alston University of Phoenix Criminal Law CJA/343 Professor Joseph Wade March 1, 2012 Criminal Defense Case Analysis Paper Many individuals are aware of the process that lawyer go through to convict an individual. The prosecution has to prove a reasonable doubt that the defendant is guilty of a crime, the accused does not have to present evidence for the innocent. The Fifth Amendment is the United States constitution states a defendantRead MoreStand Your Ground Laws Are Relevant For American Society s Perception On Self Defense1124 Words   |  5 Pages ‘Stand Your Ground’ laws have been at the center of escalating deliberation, mainly after the law was applied in a number of exceedingly-broadcasted events (Auerbach, 2015, p.1). Stand Your Ground law is a term for a â€Å"type of self-protection in which an individual is legally allowed to defend his or herself against a threat or perceived threat against their life; law requires that individual be in a place he or she is lawfully allowed to be (Long, N.D.).† The debate concentratedRead MoreEssay about Gun Control in America1300 Words   |  6 PagesGuns are there a right to all American citizens, or are they an out of date way of defense. In this paper you will find many examples of how guns are a right for Americans. Also necessary way of defense. People who are for gun control, assume that when guns are taken away there will no longer be any gun related crime. This is far from the truth, in many places where strict gun control bills have been passed; the murder rate has risen by a huge amount. In the following paragraphs you will findRead MoreWhat are Stand Your Ground Laws?1501 Words   |  6 PagesThe United States Constitution is a social contract between the U.S. government and its citizens, which promises their [the citizens’] rights and liberties will be protected. The Second Amendment in the Bill of Rights states that every citizen has the Right to Bear Arms; moreover, it means that an individual has the right to defend him or herself from physical harm. States are passing Stand Your Ground laws, which are similar to the Castle Doctrine (one has the right to defend oneself in the confinesRead MoreProtecting Your Rights, Yourself, And Your Community1210 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"Stand Your Ground† l aws allow citizens to fight back a threat or an attack that will harm them. Opponents of the laws believe that they will only bring chaos and increase the crime rate. However, supporters of the law believe the laws protect the citizens and their right to self-defense. Stand your ground laws are beneficial to the community and essential to protecting a citizen’s right to self-defense, as well as to his / her family or neighborhood; stand your ground laws suit the situation better

Tuesday, December 17, 2019

Graphic Causes A Great Impact On The Consumers Mind

The previous mentioned tagline and graphic causes a great impact in the consumers mind because it evokes both, a feeling or emotion as well as a relation with time; this strategy is called â€Å"Nostalgia†. Basically, the word Nostalgia means â€Å"a preference towards objects that were common when one was younger in adolescence, childhood or even before birth† (Holbrook and Schindler, 1991, p.330) or in another view it can mean â€Å"when a â€Å"love of home† instinct controls one’s emotions and the individual experiences homesickness (Rutherford and Shaw, 2011). Although Brands know that people are not only influenced by immediate circumstances, but also by their pasts and they also know that their consumers cannot return to the past, but they can try to preserve it through nostalgic consumption activities (Bambauer-Sachse and Gierl, n.d.) since, as stated by Orth and Gal (2011), consumption also acts like a regulator of the mood; meaning that consumers can regulate or calm their emotions by buying certain product and that’s exactly what the black and white adverstiment is all about, Patek Philippe is not selling just a watch, it’s selling a trip t o a past experience through Nostalgia. Now-a-days, companies are using this strategy to position their products in the marketplace to reach to their target market and differentiate themselves from competitors (Kessous and Roux, 1998) as well as a way to stay in the consumers mind by provoking a feeling of a past memory. Furthermore, by using thisShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Media On Young Children1742 Words   |  7 Pagesclaim that television promotes observational learning. I will describe the obscenities the media exposes to children. With that, I will explain how the media causes aggression in consumers, especially those of youth. This paper will also expound on the powerful effect modeling has on behavior. I will provide extensive examples of the impact of the media using multiple sources. Observational Learning the Young Child Observational learning can be best defined as learning that occursRead MoreThe Social Aspect Of A Self Image1746 Words   |  7 Pagesis, the more likely he or she is to take selfies in estimation the median age is 23.7 years old this could be because of growing up in a technologically advancing age. Free Apps such as ‘Free print’s, will allow the consumer to print up to 45 photographs per month with this in mind it appears as though there has seen a revival, as a new trend growing within youth culture seems to be printing their photos so they have a physical, tangible copy, to collage their images instead of having to look throughRead MorePotential Benefits Of Social Media1196 Words   |  5 Pagesbrings to mind the elephant in the room known as Facebook. Those opposed to entering this world tend to single out the negative aspects of it and use them as excuses not to join. Merriam-Webster interprets social media as â€Å"forms of electronic communication through which users create online communities to share information, ideas, personal messages, and other content (as videos)† (â€Å"social media†). Nowhere in that definition does it suggest that only one platform exists. That being said, a great dealRead MoreIntel Case Study Essay3886 Words   |   16 Pagesadvantage to the business. The detailed explanations of the top key factors are analysed in section (3) (2.2) Macro Environment Analysis There are numerous impacts of macro-environment on Intel as they have multiple operating and manufacturing locations. Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental and Legal factors creates a significant impact in a macro environment on the company’s performance. Basically it is well-known as PESTEL Analysis and it is explained in detail in the section (4).Read Morelisto system3472 Words   |  14 PagesListo system is one of the leading graphic service agency with long history of success at early 1990s. In early 1090s, the company quickly grew into one of the top graphic service companies in the world Listo system ‘VISION statement is â€Å"To be recognized as a leader in supplying quality graphic design product and services to our customers and to be respected by our clients and staff.† Listo Systems’ MISSION statement is: â€Å"We strive to develop superior graphic design products and services for ourRead MoreAnalysis Of 2015 Advanced Micro Devices7591 Words   |  31 Pagesimportant of which was a series of weak product offerings, which created a larger gap in the quality of AMD’s products when compared with the competition. AMD had once held large market shares in both the CPU (central processing unit) and GPU (graphics processing unit) markets. Each of these products combine in the personal computer to allow users to take on more demanding tasks such as video editing, gaming, or design. The markets for these products are considered duopolies because there is onlyRead More2015 Advanced Micro Devices ( Amd )8126 Words   |  33 Pagesimportant of which was a series of weak product offerings, which created a larger gap in the quality of AMD’s products when compared with the competition. AMD had once held large market shares in both the CPU (central processing unit) and GPU (graphics processing unit) markets. When each of these products are combined in the personal computer users are able to take on more demanding tasks such as video editing, gaming, or design. The markets for these products are considered duopolies because thereRead MoreThe Effects Of Media Violence On Children1903 Words   |  8 Pagesthat the media is responsible for much of the violence seen in the world we live in. However, people have choices and responsibilities we cannot allow ourselves to blame it on other things such as the media. The violence seen in our media has an impact on both adults and children. Since children are also exposed to various forms of media, there has been additional concern for how they process and think about the violence they see, read or hear. Excessive exposure to media violence can also affectRead MoreApple Pricing Strategy9004 Words   |  37 PagesSales and Revenues 24 2. Target market 25 D. IPAD 26 1. Basic features of Ipad: 26 2. Pricing strategy 27 3. Impact of the pricing strategy on Ipad 30 E. MACBOOK 33 1. Technological specs 33 2. Pricing strategies 35 2.1. Skimming pricing 35 2.2. Value-based pricing 35 2.3. Psychological pricing 36 2.4. Product Mix Pricing Strategy 36 3. Impact of the pricing strategy for Mac Book 37 F. REFERENCE 39 A. Understanding Pricing Price is the amount of money chargedRead MoreThe Structure Of Instagram Begs For You To Make Lasting2176 Words   |  9 PagesInstagram are teens and young adults, your next consumer base. While the older generations will stay loyal to Facebook, many of the younger generations are flocking to Instagram and staying there. Visual content is obviously gaining immense popularity and influence in the entire realm of social media. The majority of users of Pinterest are teens and young adults. The users of these visual forms of social media is the future community of consumers. Even with the versatile features, Facebook recognized

Monday, December 9, 2019

Managing Social Enterprise

Question: Explain. Develops the set-up plan for social enterprise. Answer: Aims and Objectives The main purpose of this research paper is to provide relevant domestic market information to social enterprise producers those want to protect women and girls from the Domestic Violence. The main aim of this paper is to develop the setup business plan of Sisters Freedom Association to evaluate the future success of the enterprises. The following are the main objectives of this paper: To identify the social need of Sisters Freedom Association To evaluate the future sales and future success of Sisters Freedom Association Introduction and Background Domestic violenceis a complex issue which affects a lot off woman in the society. With one woman in four physically abused by their partner at some point in their life. Sisters Freedom Association will target all woman in the borough of Croydon my aim is to provide services such as counselling, refuge, trips , money advise, support groups and educational support (WOMEN, 2014). Sisters Freedom Association will target all woman in the borough of Croydon my aim is to provide services such as counselling, refuge, trips , money advise, support groups and educational support. Currently theres only one organisation that helps out women who have been a victim off abuse they are called Family Justice Croydon. Sisters Freedom Association will stand out from other organisations because it will be offering a lot of services such as camping trips and prizes to children and mothers also babies (Refuge, 2015). A good way to stop Domestic Violence is by educating as many women as possible about Domestic Violence. This can be done in collaboration with the local Domestic Violence shelter or womens organisation or police community outreach officers who can work with the community, local schools and local companies to organise and implement talks, town halls meetings and other group sessions to talk about this issue (Weygandt, Kimmel Kieso, 2009). Market Research- Business /Social Need/Market Failure Sisters Freedom Association will target all women because between the ages of 16 till older age 15-76 % of women are targeted for physical or sexual violence in their lifetime, according to the available country data. Most of this violence takes place within intimate relationships, with many women (ranging from 9 to 70%) reporting their husbands or partners as the perpetrator. Across the 28 States of the European Union, a little over one in five woman has experienced physical or sexual violence from a partner (UN WOMEN, 2014). 2 women are killed every week in England and Wales by a current or former partner (Homicide Statistics, 1998) 1 woman killed every 3 days 1 in 4 women experience domestic violence over their lifetimes and between 6-10% of women suffer domestic violence in a given year (Refuge, 2015). These statistics clearly show that women in the community are at higher risk from suffering from domestic abuse thats why they are my target market Sisters Freedom Association believe it can reduce these numbers by educating all women on time making them aware of health and mental issues also how this can affect children. Sisters Freedom Association plan to reach my target audience by: Providing a wide range of services to meet the diverse needs of abused women and children A public awareness programme for children and young people also women A strong response from the police and criminal justice system to show that violence is unacceptable and that abusers will be punished Posters Social network Workshop The market research and social need indicates the Sisters Freedom Association is need to protect the women and girls from the domestic violence over their lifetimes. The enterprise is played major role in educate the women and girl, so they re protected self from domestic violence over their lifetimes (Weygandt, Kimmel Kieso, 2009). Human Resource Sisters Freedom Association is finding volunteer that can advise women those have suffered from domestic abuse or who are likely to suffer educating each individual about the services and information available. Asking the local borough to provide professionals that can help with counselling the women and girls, so they able to protect self from domestic violence (Refuge, 2015). Volunteers and professionals are the main human resources of Sisters Freedom Association because these are mainly contributed into the success of the enterprises. In addition, general public also played role into the success and effectively implement the Sisters Freedom Association programs. Governance, Legal and Management Structure Sisters Freedom Association is a social enterprise, so it will be needed to follow all the laws and government guidelines related to the women and girls to achieve its business objectives. Moreover, for a social enterprises and NGOs, it is necessary to follow government regulations and all laws to maintain their registration and to successful run their businesses or operations for long time (Davis Media, 2015). In a social enterprise and NGO, organizational structure or hierarchy level is very low. Sisters Freedom Association will only have management level and after that staff, volunteers and general public are included in the second level of enterprises. Marketing The below table and graph indicates the Sisters Freedom Association total marketing expenses ($1500) on the different activities. It indicates the enterprise expenses around 50% of marketing on communication to educate the women and girls about the domestic violation. Sisters Freedom Association will spend around 14% of total marketing expenses on the advertising and marketing research (Hughes, 2004). Moreover, it will spend approx 13% of total marketing expenses on events to encourage people to connect with the enterprise. Furthermore, it will spend about 3% on promotion 6% on public relation of marketing expenses to create awareness and attract the women and girls in the target market. SISTERS FREEDOM ASSOCIATION Marketing Budget Forecast Receipts Amount Research 210 Networking 0 Advertising 210 Promotion 45 Public relations 90 Events 195 Communication 750 Total Marketing Expenses à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¹ 1,500 (Source: Tracy CPA, 2008) Finance Sales Forecast, Cash-flow, and Budget The below table indicates the cash inflows and cash outflows of Sisters Freedom Association: SISTERS FREEDOM ASSOCIATION First Year Cash Flow Forecast Receipts Amount Cash sales 22100 Collections from credit sales 0 Capital Introduced (owner) 3000 Capital Introduced (investor etc) 0 Loans received 7000 Other Business Income 0 Total Receipts 32100 Payments Cash purchases 0 Payments to creditors 0 Salaries and wages 0 Employee benefits 0 Payroll taxes 0 Rent 7800 Rates 3000 Utilities 1440 Repairs and maintenance 0 Insurance 0 Travel 0 Telephone 0 Postage 0 Office supplies 0 Advertising 0 Marketing/promotion 0 Professional fees 0 Training and development 0 Bank charges 0 Miscellaneous 0 Owner's drawings 0 Loan repayments 3000 Tax payments 0 Capital purchases 0 Other 0 Total Payments 15240 Cash flow Surplus/Deficit (-) à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¹ 16,860 (Source: Tracy CPA, 2008) Revenue budget is responsible to indentify the each source that is expected to generate revenue within the budget year. The main purpose of revenue budget is to estimate revenue over a specified future period of time. Revenue budget is also prepared to measure the adequacy of revenue against the expenditure so that effective decision could be taken for the future of business. For example: an organization estimates different revenue sources in a year. By comparing this revenue source from the annual expenditure budget, an organization is enabled to determine the operational efficiency. If the annual revenue budget is counted less than annual expense then company enables to find other sources of revenue on prior basis. In contrast, if the annual expense budget is estimated less from revenue budget then company enables to choose appropriate investment decisions (Rasmussen, Eichorn, Barak Prince, 2003). In both situations, revenue source help organizations for building future. Non production expenses such as marketing, research or development and general administrative costs can contribute in the success of a company. Company can expand money of non-production expenses and service costs to improve its ability to meet demand and survive in market. Marketing and research or development mainly provides result for company in long period that help company to meet long-term goals (Weygandt, Kimmel Kieso, 2009). Budgeting of non production expenses helps firm to control the costs of operations and reduce the production cost that can contribute to the company success. Budgeting of non-production cost is beneficial for firm to reduce expenses and maintain cost-effective production. It can help firm to takes decisions about products prices, production levels and product mix. Company engages in budgeting of non-production expenses to determine the effective and efficient strategies for making money and expanding its assets. Budgeting can help a company to effectively use its limited financial resources and improve its ability to meet long-term goals (Waagen, 2000). Budgeting of marketing expenses plays a greater role in a companys success in market. Without effective budgeting of marketing expenses firm cannot utilize and control its marketing activities. Budgeting of marketing expenses can help firm in the development of long-term marketing strategies to attract the customers. An expenditure that incurs to facilitate the motive of long-term advantage for the business can be defined as capital expenditure. On the other hand, funds that are spent by organization to acquire or upgrade the fixed assets such as buildings, machinery etc. can be termed as capital expenditure. There are basically two ways from which the capital expenditure incurs in an organization. By acquiring an asset or by increasing the capacity of revenue earning, organizations are engaged to incur capital expenditure. It is a creational expenditure and due to this, it is associated with the capital. This type of expenditure is incurred within organizations either for adding value or generating more revenue accordingly. The tax over capital expenditure cannot be deducted in the year in which they are incurred within the organizations (Tracy CPA, 2003). Capital expenditure can be defined as expense that incur due to purchase and upgrade of physical assets such as equipment, property, or industrial buildings etc. In current business environment, organizations operate with an aim to achieve customer satisfaction and profit maximization accordingly. The funds that an organization spends to acquire or upgrade the asset help in improving the business performance at greater extent. The additional assets can help an organization to increase production and to reduce cost simultaneously. It would be beneficial for an organization to provide quality product in less cost comparatively (Crowther). With this, organization would be enabled to increase consumer base and profit accordingly. At the same time, with an appropriate expenditure on capital, organizations are enabled to achieve investment objectives effectively. This type of expenditure is quite significant value in the asset that increases the competency of organizations balance sheet (Hughes, 2004). This can be used by organizations to attract investors and to raise more capital for business. Income Generation/Fundraising Strategy Income generation: The below table indicates the sales, expenses, and profit of Sisters Freedom Association that expressed the income generated by the enterprise in the first financial year: SISTERS FREEDOM ASSOCIATION First Year Income Statement Forecast Sales 22100 Administration Expenses Rent, rates utilities 12240 Depreciation and amortization 0 Marketing expenses 1500 Other operating expenses 0 Operating profit 8360 Financial income 0 Financial expense 3000 Net financial expense 3000 Profit before taxation 5360 Taxes @ 35% 1876 Profit for the financial year à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¹ 3,484 (Source: Tracy CPA, 2008) Funding strategy: Embedded model needs to be mentioned to state what this means in practice business model simply means how you intend to generate income clearly state why it is needed. However, Sisters Freedom Association plans to raise money on a daily basis to cover expenses. Sisters Freedom Association will open up a cafe that can be used to generate money and while it will have a counselling room at the back that will be an embedded model. Sisters Freedom Association will need 10000, so it will get a 7000 will be a bank loan and the remaining 3000 savings and money from family and friends (Rasmussen, Eichorn, Barak Prince, 2003). Exit/Sustainability Strategy On the basis of the above sales forecast, profit loss forecast and cash flow forecast, it can be suggested that Sisters Freedom Association would use the sustainable strategy rather than exit strategy from the market. First year profit and cash flow surplus situation indicates the Sisters Freedom Association should sustainable in the market and prepare the long-term sustain strategy of business (Hughes, 2004). Conclusion On the basis of the above discussion, it can be concluded that new social enterprise of Sisters Freedom Association would be appropriate decision of owner to create aware and protect the women and girls from the domestic violence. First year forecasting of the business indicates Sisters Freedom Association would be achieved profit and cash flow surplus in the first year, so it support that the new social enterprise set-up decision would be appropriate decision of owners. References Crowther, D. (n.d.). Managing Finance. UK: Routledge. Davis, S.S. Media, D. (2015).What Is a Charitable Organisation? Available:https://smallbusiness.chron.com/charitable-organization-796.html. Last accessed 23/02/2015. Hughes, V. (2004). Becoming a Director: Learn the Basics and Become an Effective and Successful Director. UK: How To Books Ltd. Rasmussen, N.H., Eichorn, C.J., Barak, C.S. Prince, T. (2003). Process Improvement for Effective Budgeting and Financial Reporting. USA: John Wiley Sons. Refuge. (2015).Get Help now.Available: https://www.refuge.org.uk/get-help-now/what-is-domestic-violence/domestic-violence-the-facts/ Last accessed 22/02/15. Refuge. (2015).Get Help now.Available: https://www.refuge.org.uk/get-help- now/what-is-domestic-violence/how-can-we-end-it/. Last accessed 22/02/15. Tracy, J.A. CPA (2008). Accounting For Dummies (4th ed.). USA: John Wiley Sons. UN WOMEN. (2014).Fast facts: statistics on violence against women and girls.Available: https://www.endvawnow.org/en/articles/299-fast-facts-statistics-on-violence-against-women-and-girls-.html.Last accessed 22/02/15. Waagen, A.K. (2000). How to Budget Training. USA: American Society for Training and Development. Weygandt, J.J., Kimmel, P.D. Kieso, D.K. (2009). Managerial Accounting: Tools for Business Decision Making (5th ed.). USA: John Wiley Sons.

Sunday, December 1, 2019

Wordsworth & Coleridge Essays - British Poetry, Frost At Midnight

Wordsworth & Coleridge Despite surface differences between Coleridge's ?Frost at Midnight? and Wordsworth's ?Tintern Abbey?, upon close examination and reading it becomes clear that they are two fundamentally similar poems. The language in each is similar, as well as the use of descriptive imagery to appeal to the reader's visual sense. Mostly though, the similarities are found in the tone and message of the two poems. Both poets are remembering nature/commonplace scenes and speaking of them to their loved ones, Coleridge in a more supernatural sense and Wordsworth in a very open, honest manner. The structure of both poems is exactly the same, except for the fact that ?Tintern Abbey? is longer than ?Frost at Midnight.? Both poems follow a ?return upon itself? structure and begin with an enjoyment of the present scene around the speakers, then gradually move into lamentations on the past. Then they both move back to the present with the speaker's regaling a loved one with memories, promises, and pleadings to always enjoy what God has created around them. Wordworth believed in writing about commonplace people, places and things in a language used by ordinary men. His poem ?Tintern Abbey? takes advantage of that philosophy, it is written as beautifully as anything from Tennyson or Dante Rossetti but far less metaphorically. He is very straight to the point with his words, but not to the extent that the beauty of them is lost. Coleridge also appears to follow that philosophy, but ?Frost at Midnight? is a little more difficult to understand. The language is simple and very informal but he includes many complex metaphors, such as the opening line ?the Frost performs its secret ministry.? ?Frost at Midnight? and ?Tintern Abbey? share the same basic idea of storing up memories to help the speaker make it through tough times when otherwise he might have given up. Coleridge uses a line in his poem which adequately reflects the ideas expressed in Wordworth's poem also, ?Henceforth I shall know that nature ne'er deserts the wise and pure? (60). To them, nature is a continuous force that will always be there and will always live up to one's expectations. Coleridge is lamenting on the beauty of nature to his young son who is cradled in his arms, and is promising him that he will not have to grow up amidst the smog and strife of city life, but instead he will have the opportunity to ?wander like a breeze by lakes and sandy shores, beneath the crags of ancient mountains and beneath the clouds (lines 55-60). From there he promises that ?all seasons shall be sweet to thee? (65). He also alludes to the fact that enjoying nature gives him a sense of life going on beyond his own perception. ? ?Tis calm indeed! So calm, that it disturbs and vexes meditation with its strange and extreme silentness. Sea, hill, and wood, this populous village! Sea, and hill, and wood, with all the numberless going-ons of life, Inaudible as dreams!? (lines 8-12). Perhaps he is referring to nature giving him a reprieve from the troubles of ordinary life or maybe this is where he begins to enter into the supernatural realm that his poem eventually becomes part of. In either case, this is where himself and Wordsworth become unmistakably similar in their views of the power of nature. Wordsworth is also speaking to a beloved family member in his poem. His sister Dorothy is being called upon to see and feel what he had first experienced when he saw the beauty of nature, and she is being asked to always remember the scene before her because it will assist her whenever hard times come her way. He states that Dorothy should ?let the moon shine on thee in thy solitary walk; and let the misty mountain-winds be free to blow against thee: and, in after years, when these wild ecstasies shall be matured into a sober pleasure; when they mind shall be a mansion for all lovely forms, they memory be as a dwelling place for all sweet sounds and harmonies; oh! Then, if solitude, or fear, or pain, or grief, should be thy portion, with what healing thoughts of tender joy wilt thou remember me

Tuesday, November 26, 2019

Global Marketing and RD Essays

Global Marketing and RD Essays Global Marketing and RD Paper Global Marketing and RD Paper Global Marketing and R D Chapter Outline OPENING CASE: Dove – Building a Global Brand INTRODUCTION THE GLOBALIZATION OF MARKETS AND BRANDS MARKET SEGMENTATION Management Focus: Marketing to Black Brazil PRODUCT ATTRIBUTES Cultural Differences Economic Development Product and Technical Standards DISTRIBUTION STRATEGY Differences between Countries Choosing a Distribution Strategy COMMUNICATION STRATEGY Barriers to International Communication Management Focus: Overcoming Cultural Barriers to Selling Tampons Push Versus Pull Strategies Management Focus: Unilever- Selling to India’s Poor Global Advertising PRICING STRATEGY Price Discrimination Strategic Pricing Regulatory Influences on Prices CONFIGURING THE MARKETING MIX Management Focus: Castor Oil in Vietnam NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT The Location of RD Integrating RD, Marketing, and Production Cross-Functional Teams Building Global RD Capabilities SUMMARY CRITICAL THINKING AND DISCUSSION QUESTIONS CLOSING CASE: Levi Strauss Goes Local Learning Objectives 1. Explain why it might make sense to vary the attributes of a product from country to country. 2. Articulate why and how a firms distribution system might vary among countries. . Identify why and how advertising and promotional strategies might vary among countries. 4. Explain why and how a firms pricing strategy might vary among countries. 5. Discuss how the globalization of the world economy is affecting new-product development within the international business firm Chapter Summary This chapter focuses on the marketing and RD activities of global firms. The chapter begins with a re view of the four elements that constitute a firms marketing mix: product attributes, distribution strategy, communication strategy, and pricing strategy. : A firms marketing mix is the set of choice that if offers its customers. Many firms vary their marketing mix from country to country depending on differences in cultures, levels of economic development, product and technical standards, the availability of distribution channels, and so forth. The chapter discusses the strategic implications of each element of the marketing mix for an international firm. The link between marketing and RD is also discussed. The author stresses the point that selling a product on a global scale may require that a firm vary its products from country to country to satisfy local preferences. This may require a firm to establish RD centers in different parts of the world, and closely link RD and marketing in each region to ensure that the company is producing products that its overseas customers will buy. Opening Case: Dove – Building a Global Brand Summary The opening case explores how Unilever’s reconfigured its marketing mix for its Dove brand. Historically, Unilever had customized its products and marketing campaigns for each market, a strategy that not only resulted in duplication of effort, but also in organizational complexity. In 2003, Unilever shifted its strategy to develop a more globally standardized approach for Dove. The company now uses a basic message for the brand, and allows some customization at the local level. Discussion of the case can begin with the following questions: QUESTION 1: How would you describe Unilever’s approach to international markets prior to 2003? What were the advantages of this strategy? What were the drawbacks of this approach? ANSWER 1: Prior to 2003, Unilever more or less approached each market individually. The company often developed entirely different products and marketing campaigns for each market. In India for example, the company developed a shampoo designed to clean hair that had been oiled. But it also developed entirely different products for both Hong Kong and China. This strategy of customizing products, packaging, and messages to individual markets while allowing the firm to cater to the individual needs of customers also led to high costs, complexity, and confusion within the organization. QUESTION 2: In 2003, Unilever adopted its Real Beauty strategy. Explain how this new strategy differed from its traditional approach to foreign markets? How should this new approach help Unilever’s international sales? ANSWER 2: Unilever’s Real Beauty strategy involved establishing a basic product and message that could be used across several markets, but that allowed for tweaking at the local level. So, rather than developing a Dove shampoo and message for the Indian market, and for the Chinese market, and so on, the company used a basic message that Dove stood for the beauty of all women, and then the product and message was adapted to local markets. So, while the basic message is the same, in the Latin America, ads might show women touching each other, but in the United States, the ad might show women standing apart from each other. Moreover, the Real Beauty message was carried through other products like body gels and skin creams allowing Unilever to further reduce its costs. So far, the new strategy seems to be working. Dove is now a leading brand in the global market place. Teaching Tip: To see learn more about Unilever’s international operations and its Real Beauty strategy, go to { unilever. com/}. Lecture Note: To extend this discussion to Unilever’s efforts to market a new shampoo in several countries, go to { businessweek. om/globalbiz/content/feb2008/gb20080215_454648. htm? chan=search}. Chapter Outline with Lecture Notes, Video Notes, and Teaching Tips INTRODUCTION A) This chapter explores how an international business can perform marketing and RD activities to reduce the costs of value creation and add value by better serving customer needs. B) The tension that exists in most international businesses between the need to reduce costs and the need to be responsive to local conditions is pa rticularly predominant in this chapter as we look at the development and marketing of products C) The four elements that constitute a firm’s marketing mix, or set of choices the firm offers to its targeted markets, are product attributes, distribution strategy, communication strategy, and pricing strategy. THE GLOBALIZATION OF MARKETS AND BRANDS A) Theodore Levitt wrote lyrically about the globalization of world markets. Levitt’s arguments are worth quoting at some length since they have become something of a lightening rod for the debate about the extent of globalization. B) The current consensus among academics is that although the world is moving towards global markets, the continuing persistence of cultural and economic differences among nations acts as a major brake on any trend toward global consumer tastes and preferences. In addition, trade barriers and differences in product and technical standards also constrain a firms ability to sell a standardized product to a global market. Teaching Tip: Some firms area in the business of helping firms go global. One example is Global Reach { glreach. com/eng/intltrade/index. hp3} which focuses on international Internet marketing. MARKET SEGMENTATION A) Market segmentation refers to identifying distinct groups of consumers whose purchasing behavior differs from others in important ways. Firms must adjust their marketing mix from segment to segment. The goal is to optimize the fit between the purchasing behavior of consumers in a given segment and the marketing mix. B) International managers need to consi der the existence of segments that transcend national borders and understand differences across countries in the structure of segments. C) For a segment to transcend national borders, consumers in that segment must have some compelling similarities that lead to similarities in purchasing behavior. D) Where such similarities do not exist, there must be some customization if the firm is to maximize performance in the market. This customization may be in the product, the packaging, or simply the way in which the product is marketed. E) Global market segments are much more likely to exist in industrial products (e. g. , memory chips, chemical products, and corporate bonds) than in consumer products. Management Focus: Marketing to Black Brazil Summary This feature explores how companies are marketing to Brazil’s black population. Although Brazil is home to a sizable racial minority, to date companies have essentially ignored the market segment. Now however, companies are beginning to target the group using products and promotions specifically developed for the market. Discussion of the feature can begin with the following questions: Suggested Discussion Questions 1. Describe the differences between the black population in the United States and the black population in Brazil. What are the implications of these differences for the Brazilian culture as a whole? Discussion Points: Racial discrimination in the United States has made the country’s black population an identifiable subculture. In contrast, in Brazil racism has been more subtle, and the black population has not been excluded in the manner found in the United States. In fact, Brazil has encouraged marriages between blacks and whites. In the end, most African-Brazilians think of themselves as part of a culture that transcends race, rather than as black or white. Most students will probably suggest that this attitude promotes a more cohesive culture where biases toward or against certain groups are not prevalent. 2. How has Unilever targeted the black population in Brazil? How does the company’s strategy in Brazil differ from its strategy in other countries? What does your response tell you about Unilever’s overall global marketing strategy? Discussion Points: Because Brazil’s blacks think of themselves as falling into a range of skin tones, rather than being simply black, Unilever’s approach to the Brazilian market has been to target the entire population rather than certain segments. The company’s advertisements show people with different skin tones, not just blacks or whites, and its products are labeled as being for tan and black people so as to cover a greater range of consumers. Students will probably note that this strategy indicates that Unilever is using a localization approach for its marketing. Teaching Tip: Unilever’s web site { unilever. com/} is an interesting one to visit. You can click on countries and brands to see how the company sells its products in different markets. Lecture Note: To extend this discussion to include some of Unilever’s other efforts in foreign markets, consider { usinessweek. com/globalbiz/content/sep2007/gb20070926_123492. htm? chan=search} and { businessweek. com/globalbiz/content/aug2007/gb20070824_230078. htm? chan=search}. ? PRODUCT ATTRIBUTES A) Products sell well when their attributes match consumer needs. If consumer needs were the same the world over, a firm could simply sell the same product world wide. But consumer needs vary from country to country depending on culture and the level of economic development. In addition, firms are limited by countries differing product standards. Cultural Differences B) Countries differ along a whole range of cultural dimensions, including tradition, social structure, language, religion, and education. At the same time, there is some evidence of the trends Levitt talked about. Tastes and preferences are becoming more cosmopolitan. Economic Development C) Just as important as differences in culture are differences in the level of economic development. Firms based in highly developed countries tend to build a lot of extra performance attributes into their products. Consumers in less developed nations do not usually demand these extra attributes, instead the preference is for more basic products. Product and Technical Standards D) Notwithstanding the forces that are creating some convergence of consumer tastes and preferences, Levitts vision of global markets may still be a long way off due to national differences in product and technological standards. DISTRIBUTION STRATEGY A) A critical element of a firms marketing mix is its distribution strategy, the means it chooses for delivering the product to the consumer. B) Figure 15. 1 in the text illustrates a typical distribution system consisting of a channel that includes a wholesale distributor and a retailer. If the firm manufactures it product in the particular country, it can sell directly to the consumer, to the retailer, or to the wholesaler. The same options are available to a firm that manufacturers outside the country. Differences between Countries C) The four main differences between distribution systems are retail concentration, channel length, channel exclusivity, and channel quality. Retail Concentration D) In some countries the retail system is very concentrated, whereas in other countries it is fragmented. In a concentrated retail system, a few retailers supply most of the market. A fragmented retail system is one in which there are many retailers, no one of which has a major share of the market. Channel Length E) Channel length refers to the number of intermediaries between the producer and the consumer. If the producer sells directly to the consumer, the channel is very short. If the producer sells through an import agent, a wholesaler, and a retailer, a longer channel exists. F) In recent years, the Internet has helped to shorten channels as has the entry of large discount retailers to some markets. Channel Exclusivity G) An exclusive distribution channel is one that is difficult for outsiders to access. Japans system is often held up as an example of a very exclusive system. Channel Quality H) Channel quality refers to the expertise, competencies, and skills of established retailers in a nation, and their ability to sell and support the products of international businesses. The quality of retailers is good in most developed countries, but is variable at best in emerging markets and less developed countries. Choosing a Distribution Strategy I) The choice of distribution strategy determines which channel the firm will use to reach potential consumers. Since each intermediary in a channel adds its own markup to the product, there is generally a critical link between channel length and the firms profit margin. J) A long channel also has benefits. One benefit of using a longer channel is that it economizes on selling costs when the retail sector is very fragmented. Another benefit is increased market access. COMMUNICATION STRATEGY A) Another critical element in the marketing mix is communicating the attributes of the product to prospective customers. A number of communication channels are available to a firm. They include direct selling, sales promotion, direct marketing, and advertising. B) A firms communications strategy is partly defined by its choice of channel. Barriers to International Communication C) International communication occurs whenever a firm uses a marketing message to sell its products in another country. The effectiveness of a firms international communication can be jeopardized by three potentially critical variables: cultural barriers, source effects, and noise levels. Cultural Barriers D) Cultural barriers can make it difficult to communicate messages across cultures. The best way for a firm to overcome cultural barriers is to develop cross-cultural literacy. Source and Country of Origin Effects E) Source effects occur when the receiver of the message (the potential consumer) evaluates the message based upon the status or image of the sender. Source effects can be either positive or negative. A subset of source effects is referred to as country of origin effects (the extent to which the place of manufacturing influences product evaluations). Lecture Note: The class can be stimulated to think of some positive and negative source effects (German autos vs. German wine, Italian cuisine vs. British cuisine). Noise Levels F) Noise tends to reduce the chance of effective communication. In this context, noise refers to the amount of other messages that are competing for a potential consumers attention. Management Focus: Overcoming Cultural Barriers to Selling Tampons Summary This feature examines Procter Gamble’s (PG) efforts to bring tampons to the world. After purchasing Tambrands in 1997, PG found that marketing strategies that were successful in the United States failed to generate sales in many other parts of the world. PG, in an effort to reach new customers, has developed a new marketing strategy that is based on direct selling and relationship marketing. The strategy is currently being tested in Mexico, and if successful, will be implemented in other South American markets. Discussion of the feature can begin with the following questions: Suggested Discussion Questions 1. How has culture affected PG’s efforts to sell tampons around the world? Discussion Points: Culture has played a significant role in PG’s effort to sell tampons. While tampons are commonly used in North America and much of northwestern Europe, sales are almost nonexistent in other parts of the world. Many cultures link the use of tampons with a loss of virginity. The company has been forced to take a personal approach to marketing, and include education as part of its strategy. 2. PG has resorted to direct selling and relationship marketing to sell tampons. In your opinion, would these methods work in the United States? Why or why not? Discussion Points: Most students would probably argue that direct selling and relationship marketing would not be necessary in the United States where tampon usage is already high. Teaching Tip: To further explore Procter Gamble’s international marketing efforts, go to { pg. com/en_US/index. html}, and click on â€Å"PG Global Operations. † To see how PG changes its marketing mix across countries, click on several countries and follow a few products. Push versus Pull Strategies G) The main choice with regard to communication strategy is between a push strategy and a pull strategy. A push strategy emphasizes personnel selling whereas a pull strategy emphasizes mass media advertising. The choice be tween push and pull strategies depends upon product type and consumer sophistication, channel length, and media availability. Product Type and Consumer Sophistication ? H) A pull strategy is generally favored by firms in consumer goods industries that are trying to sell to a large segment of the market. In contrast, firms that sell industrial products or other complex products favor a push strategy. Channel Length I) Using direct selling to push a product through many layers of a distribution channel can be very expensive. In such circumstances, a firm may try to pull its product through the channels by using mass advertising to create consumer demand. Media Availability J) A pull strategy relies on access to advertising media. A push strategy is more attractive when access to mass media is limited. Video Note: China now has more Internet users than any other nation in the world – a situation which is sure to attract the attention of many companies that market or advertise their products using this medium. However, as the iGlobe Growing Internet Use in China Reflects Changing Society points out, Internet users in China tend to be quite different from Internet users in other countries like the United States. The Push-Pull Mix K) Push strategies tend to be emphasized more in the following circumstances: for industrial products and/or complex new products, when distribution channels are short, and when few print or electronic media are available. L) Pull strategies tend to be emphasized more in the following circumstances: for consumer goods products, when distribution channels are long, and when sufficient print and electronic media are available to carry the marketing message. Management Focus: Unilever- Selling to India’s Poor Summary This feature explores Unilever ’s innovative global marketing strategy. Unilever maintains a substantial presence in many of the world’s poorer nations where low-income levels, unsophisticated consumers, illiteracy, a fragmented retail distribution system, and unpaved roads make marketing difficult. Still, the company has managed to succeed thanks to its efforts to customize its marketing strategy to the local market. Discussion of the feature can begin with the following questions: ? Suggested Discussion Questions 1. Discuss the effects of India’s culture on each of the components of Unilever’s marketing strategy. What can Unilever learn from its experiences in India? Discussion Points: In India, Unilever faces numerous challenges to its marketing strategy. Income levels are low, consumers are unsophisticated and illiterate, the retail distribution system is fragmented, and the road system is poor. However, by adapting to the environment, Unilever has built a small, but successful business in the country. Because most consumers do not have access to television, the company posts advertisements in common meeting areas such as village wells and marketplaces. The company also takes part in weekly markets where it not only sells its products, but it also gives away free samples. Unilever has also made a strong effort to fit in with the country’s retail system, and stocks its products in small size packages in about 3 million stores, many of which are very tiny. 2. Is Unilever’s strategy in India a push strategy or a pull strategy? Explain. Discussion Points: Most students will suggest that Unilever’s strategy in India is a push strategy. The country has few mass media options, and consequently has been forced to take a unique approach to developing awareness of its products among consumers. Unilever representatives frequently establish a presence in locations where people tend to congregate such as riverbanks where clothes washing takes place, or the village well or marketplace. Teaching Tip: As noted earlier, Unilever’s web site { unilever. om/}is worth a visit. Go to the company’s Indian site by selecting it from the list available on the homepage and compare the company’s marketing efforts there to the strategy used in other countries. Global Advertising L) In recent years there has been much discussion about the pros and cons of standardized advertising worldwide. For Standardized Advertising M) The suppo rt for global advertising is threefold. 1) It has significant economic advantages. 2) There is the concern that creative talent is scarce and that one large effort to develop a campaign will produce better results than 40 or 50 smaller efforts. ) Brand names are global. Against Standardized Advertising N) There are two main arguments against globally standardized advertising. 1) Cultural differences among nations are such that a message that works in one nation can fail miserably in another. 2) Country differences in advertising regulations may block implementation of standardized advertising. Dealing with Country Differences O) Some firms have been experimenting with tactics that allow them to capture some of the benefits of global standardization while recognizing differences in countries cultural and legal environments. PRICING STRATEGY A) International pricing strategy is an important component of the overall international marketing mix. Issues to consider include the case for pursing price discrimination, strategic pricing, and how regulatory factors influence prices. Price Discrimination B) Price discrimination exists whenever consumers in different countries are charged different prices for the same product. Price discrimination can help a firm to maximize its profits. C) For price discrimination to work the firm must be able to keep national markets separate and different price elasticities of demand must exist in different countries. The price elasticity of demand is a measure of the responsiveness of demand for a product to changes in price. Demand is said to be elastic when a small change in price produces a large change in demand. Demand is inelastic when a large change in price produces only a small change in demand. D) The elasticity of demand is determined by a number of factors, of which income level and competitive conditions are probably the most important. In general, price elasticity tends to be greater in countries with lower income levels and greater numbers of competitors. Strategic Pricing E) The concept of strategic pricing has three aspects, which we will refer to as predatory pricing, multi-point pricing, and experience curve pricing. Predatory Pricing F) Predatory pricing involves using the profit gained in one market to support aggressive pricing in another market. The objective is to drive competitors out of the market. ? Multi-point Pricing Strategy G) Multi-point pricing strategy becomes an issue in those situations where two or more international businesses compete against each in two or more distinct (national) markets. H) The concept of multi-point pricing refers to the fact a firm’s pricing strategy in one market may have an impact on their rival’s pricing strategy in another market. In particular, aggressive pricing in one market may elicit a competitive response from a rival in another market that is important to the firm. I) The managerial message in all of this is that pricing decisions around the world need to be centrally monitored. Experience Curve Pricing J) Many firms pursuing an experience curve pricing strategy on an international scale price low worldwide in an attempt to build global sales volume as rapidly as possible, even if this means taking large losses initially. Firms using experience curve pricing believe that several years in the future, when they have moved down the experience curve, they will be making substantial profits and, moreover, have a cost advantage over less aggressive competitors. Regulatory Influences on Prices K) Firms abilities to engage in either price discrimination or strategic pricing may be limited by national or international regulations. Antidumping Regulations L) Dumping occurs whenever a firm sells a product for a price that is less than the cost of producing it. M) From the perspective of an international business, the important point is that antidumping rules set a floor under export prices and limit firms’ ability to pursue strategic pricing. Competition Policy N) Most industrialized nations have regulations designed to promote competition and to restrict monopoly practices. These regulations can be used to limit the prices that a firm can charge in a given country. CONFIGURING THE MARKETING MIX A) Standardization versus customization is not an all or nothing concept. In reality most firms standardize some things and customize others. When looking at the overall marketing mix and message, one often finds some aspects of standardization and some aspects of customization in all products depending on local requirements and overall cost structures. Management Focus: Castrol Oil in Vietnam Summary This feature focuses on the strategies and experiences of Castrol Oil in marketing its GTX brand of motor oil around the world. Castrol Oil is the lubricants division of the British chemical, oil, and gas concern Burmah Castrol. Castrol Oil’s GTX brand of motor oil is marketed as a premium brand. The feature focuses on the company’s entries into the lubricants markets in Thailand and Vietnam . Castrol has a unique strategy of appealing to consumers who drive motorcycles, in hopes of developing brand loyalty and retaining these customers as their countries develop to the point where cars are more common. This strategy worked well in Thailand, and is currently under way in Vietnam. Discussion of the feature can begin with the following questions: Suggested Discussion Questions 1. In underdeveloped countries like Thailand and Vietnam, the conventional forms of media that are common in developed countries, like glossy print media and television, are often absent. This problem is particularly pronounced in Vietnam. Describe how Castrol Oil overcame this challenge. Does the company’s approach seem prudent to you? Explain your answer. Discussion Points: In Vietnam, Castrol Oil has focused on developing consumer awareness through the use of billboards, bumper stickers, and signs that are displayed at roadside garages and motorcycle cleaning shops. In addition, Vietnam was one of places visited by soccer star David Beckham as part of a global marketing campaign for the company. Students will probably argue that given the lack of alternatives, Castrol Oil has done well with its communications strategy in Vietnam. 2. Would you describe Castrol Oil’s communications strategy in Vietnam as a push or a pull strategy? Explain your answer. Discussion Points: Students will note that a pull strategy generally relies on access to advertising media such as newspapers, magazines, television, radio, and the Internet. Because mass media options are limited in Vietnam, Unilever has turned to alternate communications methods such as stickers, billboards, and gas station signs. Accordingly, students will probably conclude that Castrol Oil is using a push strategy in Vietnam. ? 3. Castrol Oil emphasizes a premium pricing strategy. What elements of the company’s communications and distributions strategies support this premium pricing strategy? Discussion Points: Castrol Oil has priced its product at about three times the cost of cheaper imports from Taiwan and Thailand. Accordingly, the company has developed a slogan that indicates that Castrol Oil is the best quality lubricant in the market. Students will probably note that the company is currently focusing on targeting motorcycle users based on the assumption that consumers in this market will start driving cars when they become more affordable. Teaching Tip: To see more about how Castrol Oil handles its international marketing, go to { castrol. com}and click on the various country options to compare the products and services that are offered in different markets. Lecture Note: To get an applied look at how two companies market their products around the world consider visiting the web sites of Cadbury { cadbury. com/Pages/Home. aspx}and Kraft { kraft. com/default. aspx}. Both companies sells their products in many countries around the world, and by clicking on the various country locations, students can get a feel for which elements of the marketing mix have been standardized, and which have not. NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT A) Firms that successfully develop and market new products can earn enormous returns. Firms to need build close links between RD, marketing, and manufacturing. Video Note: One issue which firms must contend with is protecting their proprietary property. The iGlobe China Rising: Intellectual Piracy in China explores how many companies have been negatively affected by intellectual piracy by China. The Location of RD B) Ideas for new products are simulated by the interactions of scientific research, demand conditions, and competitive conditions. Other things being equal, the rate of new-product development seems to be greater in countries where: )More money is spent on basic and applied research and development. ii)Demand is strong. iii)Consumers are affluent. iv) Competition is intense. Integrating RD, Marketing, and Production C) The need to adequately commercialize new technologies poses special problems in the international business, since commercialization may require different versions of a new product to be produced for different countries. D) A firm’s new product development efforts need to be closely coordinated with the marketing, production, and materials management functions. This integration is critical to making certain that: product development projects are driven by customer needs, new products are designed for ease of manufacture, development costs are kept in check, and time to market is minimized. Cross-Functional Teams E) One means of achieving cross-functional integration is to have cross-functional product development teams. Effective cross functional teams should be led by a heavyweight project manager with status in the organization, include members from all the critical functional areas, have members located together, have clear goals, and have an effective conflict resolution process. Building Global RD Capabilities F) The need to integrate RD and marketing to adequately commercialize new technologies poses special problems in the international business because commercialization may require different versions of a new product to be produced for various countries. G) Integrating RD, marketing, and production in an international business may require RD centers in North America, Asia, and Europe that are closely linked by formal and informal integrating mechanisms with marketing operations in each country in their regions, and with the various manufacturing facilities. H) Some companies allocate product development responsibilities using a global network of RD centers that develop the basic technologies for new products which are then picked up by RD units attached to global product divisions and used to generate new products to serve the global marketplace. Critical Thinking and Discussion Questions 1. Imagine you are the marketing manager for a US manufacturer of disposable diapers. Your firm is considering entering the Brazilian market. Your CEO believes the advertising message that has been effective in the United States will suffice in Brazil. Outline some possible objections to this. Your CEO also believes that the pricing decisions in Brazil can be delegated to local managers. Why might she be wrong? Answer: While babies’ behinds serve the same function in all cultures, and the products technical standards may be similar, sensitivity to bodily functions does vary across cultures. Thus, the advertising message may need to be changed for different attitudes towards what is appropriate advertising. Likewise, where it might be progressive to show an ad with a male changing a diaper in some countries, in other countries this message could be lost or misinterpreted. Another consideration would be the noise level created by the advertising message of competitors products, which may well be different in Brazil. While local demand and price elasticity decisions should play an important role in Brazil, pricing should not be left solely to the discretion of the local managers. Since this is a global business, your firm will likely be competing in Brazil with some of the same competitors as elsewhere. Thus pricing decisions in one country can have an impact on pricing and competition in other markets. Similarly, your firm may want to position and price the brand similarly across different South American countries. 2. Within 20 years we will have seen the emergence of enormous global markets for standardized consumer products. Do you agree with this statement? Justify your answer. Answer: One could either choose to agree or disagree, while the best answer would likely hedge it somewhere in the middle. There are already enormous global markets already for products like Coke and Levis, but it is questionable whether there will ever be a global consumer market for Norwegian lutefisk. More global consumer markets will likely emerge, but there will continue to be national distinctions for many products. Lecture Note: In the fall of 2008, Levi Strauss was set to launch a global marketing campaign for its 501 jeans. 3. You are the marketing manager of a food products company that is considering entering the Indian market. The retail system in India tends to be very fragmented. Also, retailers and wholesalers tend to have long-term ties with Indian food companies, which makes access to distribution channels difficult. What distribution strategy would you advise the company to pursue? Why? Answer: The firm should sell to either wholesalers or import agents. Because the retail system in India is very fragmented, it would be very expensive for the firm to make contact with each individual retailer. As a result, it would be more economical for the firm to sell to wholesalers or import agents. Import agents may have long-term relationships with wholesalers, retailers, and/or other import agents. Similarly, wholesalers may have long-standing relationships with retailers and, therefore, be better able to persuade them to carry the firm’s product than the firm itself would. 4. Price discrimination in indistinguishable from dumping. Discuss the accuracy of this statement? Answer: In some specific instances this statement is correct, but as a general rule it is not. When a firm is pricing lower in a foreign country than it is in its domestic market, it can be difficult to distinguish dumping from price discrimination unless it is clear that the firm is selling at below cost in the foreign market. Yet when costs are reasonably well known and all prices are above these, or if the firm is pricing lower in its domestic market than in foreign markets, it can be reasonably concluded that price discrimination rather than dumping is occurring. . You work for a company that designs and manufactures personal computers. Your company’s RD center is in North Dakota. The computers are manufactured under contract in Taiwan. Marketing strategy is delegated to the heads of three regional groups: a North American group (based in Chicago), a European group (based in Paris), and an Asian group (based in Singapore). Each regio nal group develops the marketing approach within its region. In order of importance, the largest markets for your products are North America, Germany, Britain, China, and Australia. Your company is experiencing problems in its product development and commercialization process. Products are late to market, the manufacturing quality is poor, and costs are higher than projected, and market acceptance of new products is less than hoped for. What might be the source of these problems? How would you fix them? Answer: The dispersion of activities makes sense products are produced in the lowest cost location and marketed by people familiar with local conditions. (The RD in North Dakota must be a historical fluke. Yet this makes the coordination task extremely complex, and information required for successful commercialization is likely not being effectively communicated among all the appropriate people. Greater cross-functional integration in the new product development process should help to improve product development and commercialization. Closing Case: Levi Strauss Goes Local Summary The closing case explores how Levi Strauss, the manufacturer of blue jeans, changed its international marketing strategy to regain its competitiveness in the mid-2000s. Levi Strauss had watched its sales fall from $7. 1 billion in 1996 to just $4 billion in 2004. The company had failed to keep up with changes in the fashion market, and was out of touch with its consumer. A three part turnaround strategy was implemented, and by 2006, the company was beginning to see some improvements. Discussion of the case can begin with the following questions: QUESTION 1: What marketing strategy was Levi Strauss using until the early 2000s? Why did this strategy appear to work for decades? Why was it not working by the 2000s? ANSWER 1: Prior to implementing its turnaround strategy in 2005, Levi Strauss had been selling essentially the same product the same way around the world. The company was able to standardize its marketing mix because differences between markets were not well defined, and it was able to capitalize on its trademark name. However, during the 2000s, competition became more intense, and variations between markets more distinct. Levi Strauss, with its one-size-fits-all approach to markets saw sales drop significantly. QUESTION 2: How would you characterize Levi’s current strategy? What elements of the marketing mix are now changed from nation to nation? ANSWER 2: Most students will probably suggest that Levi Strauss is trying to pursue a transnational strategy that allows it to standardize some parts of the marketing mix, yet gives national managers the ability to tailor other parts of the marketing mix to local markets. One of the first issues Levi Strauss addressed as part of its turnaround strategy was reducing its domestic cost structure. The company closed its remaining domestic factories and shifted production to low cost locations. Levi Strauss also introduced additional products such as its Signature line that could be sold in low priced outlets like Wal-Mart. Finally, the company decentralized its marketing to local managers giving them flexibility to adapt to local market requirements. As part of the new strategy, new styles were introduced to meet differing style preferences. In addition, the company also revamped its promotion to reflect regional differences. Price and distribution were also changed. Pricing is now done on a market-by-market basis according to the competition in each market. QUESTION 3: What are the benefits of Levi’s new marketing strategy? Is there a downside? ANSWER 3: The changes Levi Strauss made to its strategy seem to be working. Growth is expected to be especially strong in developing markets. Most students will probably note that the decision to give national managers more autonomy meant that while the company lost the benefits of economies of scale in advertising and production that it had previously had, consumers’ demands were better met. However, some students may point out that the new strategy means that differences between national markets became are now more pronounced- a change that could be an issue further down the road. QUESTION 4: What does the Levi Strauss story tell you about the â€Å"globalization of markets†? ANSWER 4: Theodore Levitt suggested that consumer tastes and preferences are becoming more global, and that standardized consumer products will become the norm. In fact, Levitt might argue that in the world of blue jeans there are strong similarities in groups such as the teen market that run across national borders. However, he might be surprised to find that strong cultural preferences also seem to exist in the market. For example, Japanese consumers prefer skinny, black jeans, while women from South Africa prefer jeans with a little more room in the backside. Many students might conclude that while there are some similarities in markets, many of the similarities are too broad to allow for a standardized marketing mix around the world. Teaching Tip: To see how the recovery at Levi Strauss has progressed, go to { levistrauss. com/} and click on â€Å"International† then explore the various topics including values and vision, and company transformation. Lecture Note: Levi Strauss seems to be taking a more standardized approach to its marketing campaign. The company began a new campaign in the fall of 2008. More details can be found in the Wall Street Journal July 18, 2008, p. B7 â€Å"Levi’s Marketers Hope One Size Fits All†. Continuous Case Concept As automakers seek to expand their market share in foreign countries, they are challenged by the age-old question of whether they can sell the same model everywhere or whether a new model must be developed to meet the needs of each individual market. Some companies like BMW and Mercedes believed, when they made North American expansion a priority, that they needed to be closer to the market in order to get a real feel for local design preferences, and so consequently moved their production to the United States. Other companies like Hyundai and Kia have established design centers in Germany to take advantage of like minds and knowledge of the local market. Honda is predicting that buyers in India will be more attracted to motorcycles than traditional vehicles. Honda, together with its Indian partner, sold more than 4 million two-wheelers in India in 2007. In Japan, automakers are trying to figure out how to get younger drivers interested in actually owning cars. Japan’s younger generation is seemingly indifferent to the notion of car ownership, preferring instead to spend their money on other things entirely. ? Ask students to discuss how Ted Levitt would view the world’s auto markets. Would he believe that standardization of the marketing mix is possible, why or why not? Did Henry Ford have the right idea (you can buy the car in any color as long as it is black)? Next, develop a list of attributes that might be important in a car. What do Europeans consumers want in a car? How does this compare to the average American or Japanese consumer? For example, does the rugged pick-up truck driver image work in Japan? Does the sleek, powerful European car work in China? Then, consider the notion of a world car- a car that could be successful in any market. What factors could prevent the development of such a product? Consider issues related to culture, distribution, a country’s level of economic development, and so on. Finally, consider mistakes foreign automakers could make when designing their cars for foreign customers. How could the presence of a joint venture partner help the company avoid these mistakes? This exercise can be used as a summary discussion for this chapter, or it can be broken down into segments. For example, the second question of this exercise works well as an introduction to international marketing. The first question can be addressed after discussing the notion of standardization of the marketing mix, and at this point, you might also revisit the second question. Finally, the third question allows you incorporate previous discussion of the benefits of a joint venture to international marketing. globalEDGE Exercises Use the globalEDGE Resource Desk {http://globalEDGE. msu. edu/ResourceDesk/} to complete the following exercises. Exercise 1 You are the marketing manager of a diversified food and beverage company. Preliminary market research indicates that Peru holds significant opportunities for your products. Using an analysis of the Food and beverage industry in Peru that you found on Austrade, the Australian government’s trade portal, prepare a short report identifying the factors that need to be considered when formulating the marketing strategy for this country. Answer: The information can be gathered by searching the phrase â€Å"Austrade† at http://globalEDGE. msu. edu/ResourceDesk/. The Austrade site is found under globalEDGE category â€Å"Research: Multicountry. † Once on the website, click on â€Å"Export Markets† menu and select â€Å"Industries within Countries,†. Then select â€Å"Food and Beverage to Peru. Search Phrase: â€Å"Austrade† Resource Name: Austrade Online Industry and Country Information Website: austrade. gov. au/Industry-overviews/default. aspx globalEDGE Category: â€Å"Industry: Industry Specific† Exercise 2 A. T. Kearney publishes an annual study to help retailers prioritize their global development strateg ies by ranking the retail expansion attractiveness of emerging countries based on a set of criteria. Find the latest version of this Global Retail Development Index. What criteria are used to identify the attractiveness of the retail environment in emerging countries? Are there any countries in the top 10 that surprise you? Answer: The A. T. Kearney report can be accessed by using the search term â€Å"Global Retail Development Index† at http://globalEDGE. msu. edu/ResourceDesk/. The PDF report has the top 30 countries listed. The web page as well as the report describes in detail the criteria used. Search Phrase: â€Å"Global Retail Development Index† Resource Name: A. T. Kearney: The Global Retail Development Index atkearney. com/main. taf? p=5,4,1,131 globalEDGE Category: â€Å"Research: Rankings† Additional Readings and Sources of Information The Arab World Wants its MTV businessweek. com/magazine/content/07_43/b4055067. htm? chan=search Jack Daniel’s International Appeal businessweek. com/innovate/content/oct2007/id20071010_651037. htm? chan=search One World, One Car, One Name businessweek. com/magazine/content/08_12/b4076063825013. htm? chan=search Jaguar: Finally Ready to Roar? businessweek. com/bwdaily/dnflash/content/mar2008/db20080325_325999. htm Avoiding Faux Pas When Exporting businessweek. com/smallbiz/content/jun2007/sb20070627_897013. htm? chan=search

Saturday, November 23, 2019

Veronica Roth Fiction and Movie List

Veronica Roth Fiction and Movie List Veronica Roth wrote the first of the books that would become the best-selling Divergent series when she was still in college, earning a degree in creative writing. She wrote Divergent during winter break before her graduation in 2010 and sold the book the same year. It debuted at No. 6 on The New York Times best-seller list. It captured the imagination of the public, and two more books in the series followed: Insurgent and Allegiant. In the three young-adult science fiction novels, she told a coming-of-age story set in post-apocalyptic Chicago. Following the release of several Divergent series companion novellas and short stories, Roth began what may become a second series with the release of Carve the Mark in 2017. Books and Short Fiction by Veronica Roth 2011 -  Divergent  is the first book in a young-adult dystopian trilogy that takes place in a future Chicago. The story is told from the perspective of Tris, a 16-year-old. This future society is split into five factions based on the virtue they cultivate- Candor (the honest), Abnegation (the selfless), Dauntless (the brave), Amity (the peaceful)  and Erudite (the intelligent). Every 16-year-old must choose which faction they will devote their lives to and then undergo a rigorous initiation into the group. Beatrice, or Tris, must choose between her family and who she truly is.2012 -  Insurgent, the second book in the  Divergent  trilogy, deals with the fallout of Tris choice and a looming war between factions.2012 -  Free Four  - This  short story  retells the knife throwing scene from Divergent  from Tobias perspective.2013 -  Shards Ashes  - This anthology of short stories included a selection from  Veronica Roth.2013 -  Allegiant  - The last book i n the  Divergent  trilogy reveals the secrets of the dystopian world that captivated millions of readers in Divergent and Insurgent. 2013 - Four: The Transfer is a  novella that examines the world of the Divergent series through the eyes of Tobias Eaton.2014- The Initiate - Tobias  initiation into Dauntless, his first tattoo, and his interest in training new initiates are all covered in this novella.2014 - Four: The Son - This novella explores Tobias  struggles with the Dauntless hierarchy as he learns a secret about his past that could affect his future.2014 - Four: The Traitor  - The novella runs parallel with the early events in Divergent and includes the first meeting of Tobias and Tris Prior.2014 -  Four: A Divergent Story Collection is a  companion volume to the Divergent series that is told from the perspective of Tobias. It includes The Transfer, The Initiate, The Son and The Traitor, all of which were originally published separately.2017 - Carve the Mark  is a science fiction fantasy set on a planet where violence rules and every person receives a currentgift, a unique power meant to shape t he future. The currentgift given to Cyra and Akos, two characters from separate tribes, make them vulnerable to the control of others. When the enmity between their factions and families seems insurmountable, they decide to help each other to survive. 2017  - We Can Be Mended is a short story epilogue that takes place five years after Allegiant. It focuses on the character Four. Movies Made From Roth Books Four big-screen movies have been made from the three books of the Divergent series: Divergent (2014)Insurgent (2015)The Divergent Series: Allegiant (2016)The Divergent Series: Ascendent (2017)

Thursday, November 21, 2019

See below Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

See below - Essay Example For instance, it has never been established that illicit drugs manufactured in Australia have been exported to other countries like the United States (Bureau for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs, 2007). In Australia, the Commonwealth, the States and the Territories cooperate with each other in making legislation that addresses the supply, distribution, possession and use of narcotics. These bodies share the responsibility for enacting relevant legislation. There is a trans-state supply of illicit drugs in Australia, which has no geographical boundaries within the nation. Moreover, it is also evident that in certain incidents there had been cross national supply of drugs (The Attorney - General, 1989). The courts and the police employ drug diversion initiatives to treat drug addicts. These initiatives attempt to divert users from taking drugs. Education and compulsory assessment are two major diversions provided to drug abusers. After completion of the assessment, drug users are shifted to the appropriate education or treatment program. In April 1999, the Council of Australian Governments or COAG implemented the national strategy, by which concrete and concerted action was to be taken against drug peddlers and possessors (Crime Prevention and Community Safety Learning Circles). The National Illicit Drug Diversion Initiative provides early intervention measures for first time abusers and other less serious offenders; which provide either treatment or education, without involving the criminal justice system. The aim of this strategy is to encourage and motivate drug users to identify their drug addiction, at an early stage, and obtain appropriate treatment. This enables them to rejoin society without causing any adverse impact and ensures safety. Proponents of diversion schemes argue that educating users and providing subsequent treatment measures for first time users in the early

Tuesday, November 19, 2019

Biopsychosocial Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Biopsychosocial - Essay Example In this model the patient is looked upon as a machine. At any time the parts of this machine is bound to have set backs and break down. At this juncture the traditional medical model is used to repair the dysfunction and bring the person back to health. In this system, the emphasis is on the physical aspect of the human being, and in accordance with this method, nurses and other health care practioners devote themselves to acquiring knowledge in different subjects such as biology, pharmacology, epidemiology, sociology and psychology. The cervix is a part of a woman’s reproductive system. The uterus which is a hollow pear shaped organ tapers at the lower end into the abdomen. The cervix is that point that connects the uterus to the vagina. Cancer begins in cells which go to make up a tissue. Tissues make up organs in our body. Normally when old cells die new cells take their place. But sometimes new cells are formed but old cells do not die. These cells form a mass in the body which we call as a tumor. Tumors may be benign or malignant. It is the malignant tumors that are cancerous. If a tumor occurring in the cervix is malignant then the cervix is said to be cancerous. A woman in her thirties makes an appointment to see the doctor as she is suffering from bleeding and abdominal pain. The doctor performs necessary Pap tests and screening and concludes that she has cancer of the cervix. The patient is at first shocked when she is informed of her illness. She is given a lot of love and support from family members as well as from the medical staff. She has to make difficult decisions about her family, her job and how to compromise because of her condition. She is given a lot of encouragement from everyone to accept her illness. Besides this, the social worker can give suggestions for arranging financial aid, for transportation, home care and emotional support. She is advised to join a support group which is made up of members who have been cured

Sunday, November 17, 2019

Hunter’s in The Snow Essay Example for Free

Hunter’s in The Snow Essay The story Hunter’s in the Snow is a fiction published in the year 1982. The author Tobias Wolff tells the story of three men Tub, Frank and Kenny who decide to go on a trip to the woods for hunting. As I read on I find that as the story develops the character unveils. The presentation of the characters does not reveal much and I come to know about the characters only through their actions and I keep guessing about their real self. The three characters who appear to be good friends at the surface have hidden secrets which they conceal from each other and these truths later on lead to their destruction. As the story develops I am surprised to know that they have bitterness for each other which are emphasized in the apt setting of the cold, drab winter time. Their arrogant conversations expose the inhuman complexities of the human nature which is as freezing and unemotional as the winter snow. There are a lot of autobiographical elements in the story and Wolff‘s life is seen within the characters. The opening seems fascinating to me, Tub had been waiting for an hour in the falling snow (Wolff 1) and this draws my curious mind into the story and I am eager to know what follows. The story also makes me reminiscent of my days of hunting with my father during the winter. The dialogues between the hunters remind me how we used to enjoy Mukherjee 2 talking and making fun. I like everything until Kenny appears to be going crazy. He starts hating certain things and shoots at them. It’s pathetic to read when he tells Tub; I hate you (Wolff 78) and before Kenny could pull the trigger Tub shoots Kenny right in the stomach and knocks him over backwards. But the most scheming part to me seems the way in which Frank and Tub behave after the incident. They stop at a coffee shop; forget that they have lost their notes and map and that they are driving in an opposite direction to the hospital. It is strange that with the conservations between the two friends I also become oblivious of the fact that Kenny is bleeding in the car. The efficacy of writing by the writer in relating the conversations between Frank and Tub is so heartfelt and the things revealed so shocking and horrendous that I almost forget the dying Kenny and when at the end I come to know he’s dead it does not surprise me much. The weakness of the story is the narration which is very distant and the speaker just states fact. It’s the setting and dialogues that give insight into the characters. The story is no doubt interesting but inhuman. I read the story Bullett in the Brain and this one attracted me too . The author presents his characters normal and sensible this moment and mad people the next moment. But the story instead of giving me answers to different life situations feels my mind with a lot of questions. It may appear normal that the men who are instinctively primeval are befitting with the primordial settings of the woods but I really cannot come to terms that how Frank and Tub stay so cool and talk on divorce, lust and such things while stuffing themselves with coffee and pancakes while Kenny bleeds to death. I really feel hatred towards them. May be to get rid of persecution they had to let him die. Therefore the story really does not end but it continues to develop in the hearts of readers like me who are eager to find the answers.

Thursday, November 14, 2019

energy :: essays research papers

 ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are 5 forms of energy: mechanical, chemical, radiant, electrical, and nuclear  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mechanical energy is the form of energy of familiar objects and machines.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Chemical energy is the form of energy involved in chemical reactions. Chemical energy is released in the chemical reaction known as oxidation.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Radiant energy is energy that travels through space. Radiant energy includes light and all other parts of the electromagnetic spectrum.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Electrical energy is another form of energy from electromagnetic interactions that will be considered in detail later.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nuclear energy is a form of energy often discussed because of its use as an energy source in power plants. Nuclear energy is another form of energy from the atom, but this time the energy involves the nucleus, the innermost part of an atom, and nuclear interactions.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Any form of energy can be converted to another form. A light bulb, for example, converts electrical energy to radiant energy.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The law of conservation of energy: Energy is never created or destroyed. Energy can be converted from on form to another but the total energy remains constant.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Energy arrives from the sun, goes though a number of conversions, and then radiates back into space. The total sum leaving eventually equals the original amount that arrived.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Work is the product of an applied force and the distance through which the force acts. Work is measured in Newton-meters, a metric unit called a joule. Power is work per unit of time. Power is measured in watts. One watt is 1 joule per second. Power is also measured in horsepower. One horsepower is 550 feet 1lb/sec.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Energy is the ability to do work. An object that is elevated against gravity has a potential to do work. The object is said to have potential energy, or energy of position. Moving objects have the ability to do work on other objects because of their motion. The energy of motion is called kinetic energy.

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

Disaster Movie

This movie will take place a few years from now. Global warming has increased rapidly throughout the years as more and more people contribute to the pollutions. It will focus on the occurrences within the United States, but also little pieces throughout the world as we see the different changes. We will watch one family before, during, and after the disaster transpires. This disaster takes place throughout the entire world but we focus on the family of four living on the coast in California. The movie starts out with a prologue; a scene later in the movie.However, it actually begins with a normal morning with the family. The father is up and ready to go to work just as the children are eating their breakfast. It is a Friday and the kids are looking forward to the weekend. As the father leaves we follow him to his work. He works at a facility that dedicates themselves to researching the climates of the earth, the changes, watching rising and falling water levels, and things of the sor t. We then switch to look at the ice caps up north, drastically melting. The animals let out cries of anxiety and fear.At the same time the father has just spotted something peculiar. The water levels have risen much more than they should have in the last few hours. Somewhat anxious, he runs off to grab other scientists to help him study and evaluate this situation. The kids are just getting out of school and are heading off to the beach with their friends to hang out. Once arriving they notice something strange, there aren’t any creatures around. No squawking seagulls, no cautious crabs, nothing. They go ahead and head toward the water, thinking nothing of it.Some of them decide to lie in the sand right where the waters crash into it. One falls asleep without realizing it and ends up waking in fits of coughing. The others had been worried; he had gone completely underneath the water. The waters had risen quite a bit. The sons run off toward home to tell their parents of this scary discovery. Their father is still at work, and he and his team have discerned something big. The waters were rising at a constant rate. They could only assume the ice caps were melting due to an overload of pollutions and gases creating more heat than there should be.Frantic, they realize they don’t have long before a Tsunami approaches the shores of the United States; the ice is melting too fast. They take their research to the director in an attempt to do something about this. Everyone on the shores must be evacuated. The father will play a crucial part in this movie. His role as the scientist that notices the rising waters is very important. His children, will play as victims to this catastrophe but survive. The mother will be the one that supports them all and in the end saves her children by sacrificing herself.The major scenes in the movie will be as follows. -There are loud sirens throughout the city as people below, on the streets, panic. Everyone has just been told to evacuate the cities/state they reside in due to increasing water levels and an approaching tsunami. There are various helicopters attempting to save what people they can with the time they have left. There are two kids running toward the shore; we see someone standing there gazing at the ocean.They approach with desperation in their voices. â€Å"Mother! There you are! Please come with us, they can save us! Dad sent a chopper for us, let’s go! The mother follows after them and once at the chopper, she climbs the ladder behind them. Stray, desperate people however cling to the helicopter, weighing it down. The mother, realizing what the situation has come to, decides to save her children. She cuts the rope ladder she is on to lessen the weight of all the people so that they can escape. As this happens, there is a flashback to a week ago before everything happened. This will be how everything began. -We watch the encounters in everyone’s lives throughout the wee k along with the research and eventual discovery of the severance of the ice caps melting.As they learn of this, they first try to tell the people they must leave the state but to no avail. Thus, they try to go to someone with authority. -The governor, however, does not believe them and sends them away; threatening them that they will otherwise be arrested. – Desperate, they take to the streets and once again try and shout that everyone must leave the shores and evacuate closer to the middle of the United States. That everything will go underwater and everyone will die if they don’t leave. -The people do not listen to them though. Instead, they shout retorts at them and make fun of them.They give up and go home to think of what they can do that will work. -While they are at home they notice a storm is beginning to brew, a dangerous one at that. The sky is dark and engulfed by foreboding clouds. Concerned, the father goes to check the weather on what might be approachin g them. -A worried subordinate of the governor asks about the building storm, inquiring if maybe those people before were right about the whole global warming thing. The governor gets angry and refuses to believe that what they said was true. Talks of how just a few years ago he was told it wouldn’t happen for at least another few decades.They argue a bit more, the subordinate eventually giving up due to an urgent call for the authority. -Down in Chile, in a town called Puenta Arenas there is a group of children playing futbol along the shores. They laugh and shout happily, until they hear screams. Confused, they turn and gaze at it; mouths agape, at the sight before them. A tsunami is heading their way. The children run, screaming for their mothers and fathers. People scatter, heading toward an underground shelter (that is actually higher in elevation from the shores) for safety.They take their children, belongings; whatever they can carry. The wave hits, and those above are engulfed in the sea. The audience would not know there actually is a shelter though. -Back in the states at California, things have gotten worse. The brewing storm before is now quite violent. The rain beats down, battling with the winds. People are gawking, whether standing outside or in their homes; they all look scared or worried. Never before have they seen something like this before. -There is a group of people outside of the governor’s home, demanding to know what is going on.They continue to shout and ignore the guards in determination to get their answer. As this continues the storm worsens, sounding angrier and angrier. Inside the building, the governor stands at his window looking through his curtains; he sighs. He walks over to his desk and picks up the phone, â€Å"Yes, get me the president please. † -The two sons of the researcher are standing on their front porch, gazing at the storm through the tumultuous rain and wind. Their father comes up behind them with a strange look on his face. â€Å"What’s wrong?Did you find out what’s happening? He looks at them with uncertainty in his face, â€Å"I think†¦ too much of the ice caps have melted, everyone is going to get hit by a tsunami; worse in some places than others. We won’t get it as bad as say South America or Canada†¦ but still pretty bad. We have to do something. † As they start to go outside they realize that their mother is gone. They run out in search of her while their father goes back to the governor. -Someone in a black suit rushes up to the president â€Å"Mr. President Sir, we have an urgent phone call from the governor of California. † Surprised, the president picks up the phone, â€Å"Hello? The governor speaks with urgency â€Å"We have a problem. We need everyone on the coasts to evacuate onto higher ground.The ice caps have melted much faster than anticipated and tsunamis will be hitting the coasts everywhere because of it. † The president is silent for a few moments as he thinks this over. â€Å"But†¦ how? How can this be? It wasn’t supposed to—† The governor interrupts, â€Å"I know, it wasn’t supposed to happen for another few decades at the least. Things change; WE have made the change Sir. We have caused too much pollution to the air†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Sighing, he responds â€Å"Alright. Go ahead and warn your state.I will warn everyone else, and have them pass the word on as well. We must do this quickly. † -The father is running through the streets, darting between people and cars. He is headed toward the governor’s home to try, once again, to convince him to evacuate the cities. On his way there the sirens start to go off, along with an announcement â€Å"Everyone must leave their homes and evacuate immediately. There is an approaching tsunami that will flood the coasts. Move to higher ground. I repeat, everyone must leave their homes and e vacuate immediately. There is an approaching tsunami that will flood the coasts.Move to higher ground. † Astounded, he rushes off to his office with hope in his heart. -Panicked people run through the streets, since the roads are blocked by massive amounts of cars, toward what they believe is safety. The sons of the researcher run between the people, calling out for their mother; trying to find her before it is too late. One of the boys’ cell phone rings, it is their father. Picking it up and answering it, he finds out that his father has sent a chopper to the shore. Apparently there is a woman standing there, which he believes is their mother.They run to the shores, hoping their mother is alright. -On a group of islands called Svalbard, off the coast of Norway, trouble brews. They were nearly caught off guard, by the tsunami, which just went rampant their islands about an hour ago or so. Luckily, most of the villagers were able to run to safety; others were not so fort unate. Those which survived help one another to gather their bearings and head to somewhere safe to take care of everyone. -The scene which appeared at the beginning takes place here. Where the two boys find their mother and get on the helicopter.She sacrifices herself due to lots of people gathering on the ropes of the helicopter, desperate to be saved from the approaching tsunami, for her children. One child is shocked, but remains somewhat calm; at least on the outside. The other child screams, trying to jump out of the helicopter to save her in desperation; he is held back by his brother however. They arrive at their father’s research facility, having recovered over the shock somewhat. They go inside and head downstairs into the underground rooms which will provide safety for them and anyone else.Thankfully they were able to beat the tsunami, not only because of their mother’s sacrifice but the buildings certainly slowed it down a bit. The building starts to shake and rumble as the lights begin to flicker. People in the room scream, covering their heads. After what seems like forever, the shaking stops and everything is quiet again. â€Å"Everyone stay here. I will go upstairs and check to see if the coast is clear, alright? † the father declares. The boys stand up and say, â€Å"We’ll go too dad. We have something important to tell you too†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Nodding at them, he goes up the stairs; his sons following him. The president sets down his phone, after making the last call. Sitting back he relaxes for a moment, thinking. He thinks of what he could possibly do to help the earth out to get rid of the global warming issue. Not all of the ice even melted, when more of it does more of the world will be engulfed in water. A man in a black suit appears â€Å"Mr. President Sir, we must take you to safety. The tsunami will arrive shortly. Sighing, he looks out the window before following the man out. â€Å"Have all the other citiz ens nearby been taken care of? † Continuing to walk, the man responds, â€Å"Yes sir.We did as you asked, and brought those closest to the building to a safe vicinity. † Nodding, he walks up the stairs to where a helicopter awaits. -The boys and their father reach the top of the stairs, carefully opening the door. The view is pristine, as if the world was washed clean and born anew. Cities have gone underneath the waters, but it looks beautiful. The father walks a little further, standing in front of the boys. â€Å"So, I take it you weren’t able to save your mother? † They both clench their fists, unsure of what to say at first. â€Å"Yeah†¦ she kinda saved us†¦ there was nothing we could do about it, Dad. He turns around and looks at his boys, his face flooding with tears. â€Å"Its okay, I understand. I think she would have wanted it to be this way. †-The movie ends with overviews on the places that got hit, damages and deaths left beh ind from the tsunami. It will show help that arrives to assist the survivors with food and shelter, along with treatment for their wounds. And lastly, with a news report of how many prominent cities are now underwater. Justification for the choice of disaster. The nature of such a disaster would be Global Warming reaching its peak, and causing a disaster such as this.While it would not naturally happen this fast, unless we really do pollute it highly within the next few years. The act of something like this happening would be Mother Nature’s way of cleansing the world of the pollutants we so carelessly provided. Global warming is something we all know and are concerned about, unless you’re one of the skeptics. Global warming is the cause of excessive pollutants in the air, the causes of which are car exhausts, aerosols, air planes, and more. Our earth’s atmosphere naturally keeps heat inside to protect and heat the earth from, what would be, subzero temperatures .However, with excessive amounts being added into the atmosphere the earth is warming at a constant rate. There have been multiple impacts due to Global Warming in the past. Severe atmospheric changes causing severe storms, droughts, higher spread of diseases, and more. One example would be Hurricane Katrina. â€Å"Hurricane Katrina, which wrecked New Orleans in 2005, focused the world’s attention on the way extreme weather events can overwhelm man’s defenses† (Brown, 2007, pg. 186). The hurricane had become more dangerous due to the excessive warmth in the oceans.Another example would be countries becoming drier than it should be. It may not sound all that bad, but when its countries that are already experiencing hard times that are getting hit by this; that’s not good whatsoever. Wulf Killmann, chair of the U. N. Food and Agriculture Organization’s climate-change group said, â€Å"Africa is our greatest worry. Many countries are already in diffi culties, and we see a pattern emerging. Southern Africa is definitely becoming drier† (Brown, 2007, pg. 195). These are just a few of the issues concerning Global Warming. Others will arise as the situation worsens.Global warming will be incorporated into the film as an idea to what could happen should we let things escalate out of control; a warning, per say. So that we know that we need to do something, about this issue, before we can do nothing about it anymore. Since people do not seem to really take in the severity of an issue until it’s too late. The best way this disaster can be represented would be with CGI. Existing footage tends to work well, however, if the quality is not on par with the movie quality it will stand out and lessen the value of the film. With CGI, you can make it give you want you are expecting and make it snazzy.It’s cool if the movie looks high tech and gives a threatening image in our minds about the future, that’s what we want . Especially when it’s a film about something that can possibly happen to us; it makes people pay more attention to their surroundings and want to do something about it. But the CGI has to be done right. I have seen movies with it, and you could tell they weren’t real. This problem would be overcome to make sure it looks much like reality. There are movies out there that don’t always describe what’s going on. We need reasons for why this is happening and why now. It makes it more realistic.The concept is still good, but the presentation could have used some improvement. The disaster that will occur in the movie should be the most important part of the movie, thus, it deserves a splendid introduction, no? Poor presentation is the same thing as a rushed story, it is not as great as one that has taken time to progress and reach the climax. People enjoy suspense, and that is a good thing to use until the main attraction appears. Another thing that would be av oided would be cutting corners. A movie should be the best it can be. As such, with the right ideas and right people, it can happen.